| Here is a summary from the American College of Cardiology publication 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons "5.12.5. Chronic Kidney Disease CKD confers greater risk for developing SIHD, for its progression, and for poor outcomes after interventions for AMI (1181Ð1183). The mortality rate for patients on hemodialysis is >20% per year, and approximately 50% of deaths among these patients are due to a cardiovascular cause (27,1184). To avoid worsening underlying kidney disease, physicians should consider creatinine clearance in pharmacotherapy and should apply risk scores for predicting the likelihood of contrast-induced nephropathy (1161,1185) in conjunction with the use of renal protective strategies such as isosmolar contrast agents during angiography." |