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The Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: Potential Pearls and Pitfalls in Daily Practice

The Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: Potential Pearls and Pitfalls in Daily Practice

Elliot K. Fishman M.D.
Johns Hopkins Hospital

Click here to view this module as a video lecture.

 

”The survival of patients with small PDACs (particularly ≤ 20 mm), 30% at 5 years, is better than it is for patients with larger cancers. However, small tumors are the most difficult to visualize and the sensitivity of MDCT is lower for detection of small PDACs. In a retrospective study by Yoon et al. with 33 PDAC patients who underwent CT prior to the diagnosis of PDAC, the tumor could be identified in 72.7% (24/33) of cases. Of these prospectively missed cases, 87.5% (21/24) were ≤ 20 mm and 12.5% (3/24) were between 21 and 33 mm.”
Pitfalls in the MDCT of pancreatic cancer: strategies for minimizing errors
Arya Haj‐Mirzaian · Satomi Kawamoto · Atif Zaheer · Ralph H. Hruban · Elliot K. Fishman · Linda C. Chu
Abdom Radiol (NY). 2020 Feb;45(2):457-478

 

Pancreatic Cancer (Uncinate)

Pancreatic Cancer (Uncinate)

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Adenocarcinoma Pancreas 1cm

Adenocarcinoma Pancreas 1cm

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

“ In the daily radiology practice, the rate of interpretation error is between 3% and 4%; however, of the radiology studies that contain abnormalities, the error rate is even higher, averaging in the 30% range.”
Fool Me Twice: Delayed Diagnoses in Radiology With Emphasis on Perpetuated Errors
Kim YW, Mansfield LT
AJR 2014;202:465-470

 

A Pancreatic Mass Pitfalls Can Occur in Any Part of the Pancreas

  • Pancreatic head
  • Pancreatic body
  • Pancreatic tail
  • Most patients have a single initial site of carcinoma although patients will often have multiple cysts

 

Potential Pitfalls in The Pancreatic Head Region

  • Pancreatic mass that looks similar to adenocarcinoma (PNET, acinar cell)
  • Pancreatitis that simulates pancreatic adenocarcinoma including autoimmune pancreatitis
  • Primary Duodenal pathology (i.e. GIST tumor, carcinoid tumor, adenocarcinoma)
  • Peripancreatic Pathology including lymphoma or other causes of adenopathy

 

Useful imaging features to prevent errors in diagnosis

  • Status of the pancreatic duct
  • Status of the common bile duct
  • Status of the key vascular structures including celiac, SMA and GDA as well as portal vein and SMV
  • Attenuation of the mass (increased, decreased or equal to other organs)

 

Dilated CBD with Distal Transition

  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Ampullary cancer
  • Distal CBD tumor
  • Stone in distal CBD

 

1cm Stone in CBD Causes Jaundice

1cm Stone in CBD Causes Jaundice

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Dilated Pancreatic Duct with Abrupt Cutoff

  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Neuroendocrine Tumor (PNET)
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Inflammatory stricture

 

PNET Obstructs Pancreatic Duct

PNET Obstructs Pancreatic Duct

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Pancreatic Masses That Are Not Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

  • Neuroendocrine tumors
  • Cystic pancreatic lesions including serous cystadenoma and MCN
  • Metastases to the pancreas
IPMN

 

IPMN with Chronic Pancreatitis and Looks Like cancer

IPMN with Chronic Pancreatitis and Looks Like cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

 

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