Imaging Pearls ❯ Kidney ❯ Wilms Tumor
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- “Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) is by far the most common renal cancer in children, representing 6% of all cancer diagnoses in children under 15 years of age, with an incidence of 8 cases per million. In children under 5 years, Wilms tumour accounts for 10% of all childhood cancer with the highest incidence in children under 2 years. In the USA, it is estimated that 500 new cases of Wilms tumour are diagnosed each year. Usually unilateral, bilateral tumours comprise approximately 7% of cases, and tend to present at an earlier age.”
Paediatric genitourinary cancers and late effects of treatment
Karim T. Sadak, Michael L. Ritchey, Jeffrey S. Dome
Nature Reviews Urology volume 10, pages15–25(2013) - Key Points
• Overall survival rates for children with Wilms tumour, genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma and gonadal germ cell tumours are 80–100%
• Serious late effects, such as death, second malignancies and recurrence are uncommon in survivors of genitourinary cancers, but chronic health conditions often arise
• Given the high incidence and prevalence of late effects, survivors of childhood genitourinary malignancies require regular disease surveillance and health promotion delivered by healthcare providers knowledgeable in this area
• Continued research is needed to understand the mechanisms of late effects and to, therefore, reduce long-term complications from treatments of childhood genitourinary malignancies
Paediatric genitourinary cancers and late effects of treatment
Karim T. Sadak, Michael L. Ritchey, Jeffrey S. Dome
Nature Reviews Urology volume 10, pages15–25(2013) - "The NWTSG also reported that second malignancies are a major cause of death in Wilms tumour survivors as early as 5 years after their diagnosis. A total of 62 deaths in 6,185 patients were reported at 5 years, 27 of which were due to second malignancy. The CCSS data showed that the combination of abdomen and chest radiation therapy for Wilms tumour plus doxorubicin resulted in a cumulative second malignancies incidence of 3% at 25 years after treatment, which was consistent with NWTSG findings. This risk was only surpassed by those Wilms tumour survivors who had relapsed disease and presumably additional treatment. An international study of second malignancies in Wilms tumour survivors showed a 6.7% cumulative risk of second solid tumours in survivors over age 40 years who had survived free of second malignancies up to age 15 years.”
Paediatric genitourinary cancers and late effects of treatment
Karim T. Sadak, Michael L. Ritchey, Jeffrey S. Dome
Nature Reviews Urology volume 10, pages15–25(2013) 
Paediatric genitourinary cancers and late effects of treatment
Karim T. Sadak, Michael L. Ritchey, Jeffrey S. Dome
Nature Reviews Urology volume 10, pages15–25(2013)