Jennifer K. Son, Edward Y. Lee, Ronald L. Eisenberg
Focal nonvascular thoracic masses are common findings in both symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Imaging plays an important role in early diagnosis, which in turn optimizes pediatric patient care. Focal nonvascular thoracic masses, which are typically defined as lesions more than 3 cm in size, can arise in children as a result of a wide spectrum of conditions, including congenital anomalies, neoplasms, and infections in the lungs and mediastinum. Identification of the predominant cystic or solid components of the masses may provide a clue to the underlying condition. For the purpose of evaluation and diagnosis, focal nonvascular thoracic masses in children can be divided into three categories: cystic masses, solid masses, and a combination of both (Table 1).