Abstract: The purpose of this review is to illustrate, with examples, the abdominal manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) on imaging, with emphasis on computed tomography. Mutations of the NF1 gene lead to abnormal tumor suppression. Consequently, NF1 is a complex disease, with patients having an increased prevalence of benign and malignant neoplasms throughout the body. We present cases of the most common abdominal presentations: neurofibroma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and seminoma.