Coronary artery bypass grafts: 3D mapping nicely shows two saphenous grafts and their relationship to the sternum. 3D mapping nicely defined.
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Repair of coarctation of aorta with stent: 3D and 4D mapping nicely define the stent used to repair a coarctation of the aorta. Good visualization provided on the study.
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Pseudoaneurysm of aortic root: 4D mapping demonstrates a pseudoaneurysm arising off ascending aorta following aortic root repair. The pseudoaneurysm compresses the SVC as well.
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Bicuspid aortic valve:4D imaging nicely defines an excellent example of a bicuspid aortic valve.
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Compression of trachea by right aortic arch with attempted double aortic arch: Sequence of 4D images nicely defines the right aortic arch with the aberrant left subclavian artery forming a ring. The ring is not a complete ring as there is typically a fibrous band, in this case, between the components of the left arch. This is a beautiful example of such a case.
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3D and 4D display demonstrate a case of Marfan's Syndrome with prior repair of the aorta above the valve. Now note the sinuses of Valsalva are dilated due to compressive forces down by the graft which has led to the need for a redo procedure.
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Aortic dissection with compression of the true lumen by false lumen. The true lumen is compromised, particularly the descending thoracic aorta, and some compromise of the abdominal aorta. Note how nicely the true lumen gets compressed during systole. This can result in ischemic changes.
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Patient with prior repair of the descending aorta has a large pseudoaneurysm seen. Note the slow flow in the pseudoaneurysm seen on multiple 3D views. Multiple 3D images and 4D maps were provided to show the pseudoaneurysm and its position as well as relative lack of motion. This is a beautiful case.
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3D mapping of a diseased bicuspid valve with aortic stenosis present. As is typical, the bicuspid valve was calcified.
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Excellent example using MIP (in a fashion best described as a sliding MIP) demonstrates the normal right coronary artery and then using volume rendering to also define the right coronary artery.
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Volume rendering of the pseudoaneurysm arising off the aorta near a zone of prior surgery. The patient, as noted, has a history of congenital heart disease. The pseudoaneurysm is seen in a number of different projections.
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Dilated ascending aorta in a patient with aortic stenosis. Please note that the patient has a normal 3 leaf valve and note that the upper right leaf has some problems with motion in this picture of aortic stenosis.
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Please note on this 4D display a pseudoaneurysm off the right ventricle. This was a complication from prior cardiac surgery
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Multiple 2D and 3D constructions of a perfectly timed cardiac CT angiographic study with normal anatomy. This case consists of a series of 16 different movies using a combination of MIP volume rendering and MPR. 3D and 4D studies also provided.
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4D mapping of a calcified bicuspid valve.
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4D mapping of an aberrant right coronary artery arising off the left cusp.
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3D and 4D mapping showing evidence of two venous bypass grafts [unknown].
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Sequence of images using 4D mapping demonstrates a dissection with compression of the true lumen.
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3D and 4D mapping of a coronary CTA defining the patient's right coronary artery arising from the left cusp.
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4D mapping demonstrates evidence of the diseased aortic valve with aortic valvular stenosis and thickening of the valve leaflets defined in multiple projections. Patient has poor ventricular outflow due to aortic stenosis.
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4D mapping of the patient's prosthetic aortic valve.
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4D mapping of the RCA with dilatation of the anastomosis.
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Evidence of aortic valve replacement surgery with normally functioning aortic valve. Left ventricle is enlarged.
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4D mapping demonstrates evidence of prior repair of a coarctation of the aorta.
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The patient has an aneurysm of the ascending aorta and the arch.
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