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Adrenal

Adrenal Adenoma

  • Adrenal Insufficiency
    -Bilateral hemorrhage à adrenal insufficiency
    -Nonspecific symptoms
    -Fatigue, weakness, muscle/joint pain
    -Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
    -Depression, behavioral changes
    -Hypotension
  • Adenoma with Hemorrhage
    -Rarely an adenoma can hemorrhage
    -Usually anticoagulated patient
    -Heterogeneous
    -Regions of high attenuation

     

  • "In clinical practice therefore, 10 HU is the most widely used threshold value for the diagnosis of lipid-rich adrenal adenoma."

    Adrenal Imaging
    Blake MA et al.
    AJR 2010; 194:1450-1460

     

  • "In conclusion the 10 minute delayed adrenal enhancement washout tests have reduced sensitivity for the detection of adenomas compared with results from prior studies, and the test sensitivity appears to be clinically suboptimal. This finding might be explained by insufficient time for the intravenous contrast material to wash out from benign lesions."

    Incidental Adrenal Lesions: Accuracy of Characterization with Contrast-enhanced Washout Multidetector CT—10-minute Delayed Imaging Protocol Revisited in a Large Patient Cohort
    Sangwaiya MJ et al.
    Radiology 2010; 256:504-510

  • "Ten minute delayed multidetector CT adrenal washout tests have reduced accuracy compared with results from prior studies; overall test accuracy at 40% threshold was 77.7% according to our test results."

    Incidental Adrenal Lesions: Accuracy of Characterization with Contrast-enhanced Washout Multidetector CT—10-minute Delayed Imaging Protocol Revisited in a Large Patient Cohort
    Sangwaiya MJ et al.
    Radiology 2010; 256:504-510

  • "The 10-minute delayed adrenal enhancement washout test has reduced sensitivity for the characterization of adrenal adenomas compared with results from prior studies."

     

    Incidental Adrenal Lesions: Accuracy of Characterization with Contrast-enhanced Washout Multidetector CT—10-minute Delayed Imaging Protocol Revisited in a Large Patient Cohort
    Sangwaiya MJ et al.
    Radiology 2010; 256:504-510

     

  • "The high diagnostic accuracy leads to a decrease in the number of patients with an indeterminate adrenal mass, which requires the other diagnostic methods including MR imaging, radionuclide imaging, and adrenal biopsy."

    Distinguishing Adrenal Adenomas from Nonadenomas: Combined Use of Diagnostic Parameters of Unenhanced and Short 5-minute Dynamic Enhanced CT Protocol
    Kamiyama T et al
    Radiology 2009; 250:474-481

  • Adrenal: Adrenal Adenoma: CT Criteria
    - Attenuation of less than or equal to 10HU on unenhanced CT
    - Absolute contrast washout of greater than or equal to 52 HU at 10 minutes or 60% at 15 minutes (100 ml injection of Omnipaque-350 at 3ml/sec)